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UPSC Sociology Optional 2025 Paper II Previous Year Questions

This is the full UPSC CSE Sociology Optional 2025 Paper II previous year question set, arranged like the original exam booklet (Section A / Section B, question-wise sequence).

It includes 28 questions across 3 syllabus chapters. Click any question to open its dedicated page with model answer support.

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खण्ड—A / SECTION—A

1.

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से प्रत्येक का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए :

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

10x5=50
(a)

'भारतीय विद्या परिप्रेक्ष्य, भारतीय सामाजिक व्यवस्था को समझने में महत्वपूर्ण है।' विवेचना कीजिए।

Textual perspective is important in understanding of Indian Social System. Discuss.

10 Marks Introducing Indian Society Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society
(b)

पुष्टि कीजिये कि भारतीय परम्पराओं का आधुनिकीकरण हो रहा है। इसमें योगदान करने वाले कारकों की भी विवेचना कीजिये।

Justify that the Indian traditions are modernizing. Also discuss its contributing factors.

10 Marks Introducing Indian Society Impact of colonial rule on Indian society
(c)

आपके अनुसार महिलाओं की स्थिति के उत्थान के लिए कौन से सामाजिक सुधार आन्दोलन ने सबसे अधिक प्रभावशाली भूमिका का निर्वाह किया है? व्याख्या कीजिए।

According to you, which social reform movement has played the most effective role in modernizing Indian women? Explain.

10 Marks Introducing Indian Society Impact of colonial rule on Indian society
(d)

औपनिवेशिक नीतियों ने भारत में जनजातियों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक दशाओं को किस प्रकार से प्रभावित किया था? विवेचना कीजिये।

How did Colonial Policies for the tribes affect their socio-economic conditions in India? Discuss.

10 Marks Social Structure: Tribal Communities in India
(e)

आप जी. एस. घुर्ये को 'सैद्धान्तिक बहुलवाद' के प्रयोगकर्त्ता के रूप में किस प्रकार से उचित ठहरायेंगे?

How would you appropriate to characterise G. S. Ghurye as a practitioner of ‘theoretical pluralism’?

10 Marks Introducing Indian Society Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society
2.
(a)

क्या आप सोचते हैं कि भारत जैसे समाज में नियतविकासीय परिवर्तन विभेदीकरण के द्वारा होते हैं? क्या आप नियतविकासीय प्रक्रिया में निरन्तरता को देखते हैं? अपना उत्तर उपयुक्त उदाहरण सहित विस्तार से दीजिए।

Do you think that in a society like India orthogenetic changes take place through differentiation? Do you observe continuities in the orthogenetic process? Elaborate your answer with suitable examples.

20 Marks Introducing Indian Society Impact of colonial rule on Indian society 250 words
20
(b)

'कृषक वर्ग संरचना आधुनिक शक्तियों के कारण परिवर्तित हो रही है।' आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।

Agrarian class structure has been undergoing changes due to modern forces. Critically examine.

20 Marks Social Structure: “Industrial class structure is a function of social structure of Indian society.” Do you agree 250 words
20
(c)

समलैंगिक विवाह, भारत में जनसांख्यिकीय गतिकी के लिए किस प्रकार उत्तरदायी हैं? विवेचना कीजिये।

How same sex marriages are responsible for population dynamics in India? Discuss.

10 Marks Social Structure: Systems of Kinship in India 150 words
10

खण्ड—B / SECTION—B

5.
(a)

“The transfer of land from cultivating to the non-cultivating owners is bringing about transformation in Indian society.” Justify your answer by giving suitable illustrations.

20 Marks Social Structure: (i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure 250 words
20
(b)

भारत में ग्रामीण उद्योगों के पतन के लिए उत्तरदायी विभिन्न कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए।

Bring out various factors responsible for declining of village industries in India.

10 Marks Introducing Indian Society Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society 150 words
10
(c)

Discuss the social bases of political mobilization in Independent India. Has some change occurred in these during the last 60–70 years?

10 Marks Social Changes in India: Politics and Society 150 words
10
(d)

भारतीय राज्यों में अनौपचारिक क्षेत्रों में कार्य करने वाले प्रवासी श्रमिकों की प्रमुख समस्याएं क्या हैं? विवेचना कीजिए।

What are the major problems faced by the labour migrants while working in informal sectors of Indian States? Discuss.

10 Marks Social Changes in India: Industrialization and Urbanisation in India 150 words
10
(d)

What are the major problems faced by the labour migrants while working in informal sectors of Indian States? Discuss

10 Marks Social Changes in India: Population Dynamics 150 words
10
(e)

क्या आप सोचते हैं कि कानून भारत में बाल श्रम को समाप्त करने के लिए सक्षम है? टिप्पणी कीजिए।

Do you think that law has been able to abolish child labour in India? Comment.

10 Marks Social Changes in India: Industrialization and Urbanisation in India 150 words
10
8.
(a)

क्या भारत में संधारणीय विकास होना संभव है? पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों को ध्यान में रखते हुए संधारणीयता को अर्जित करने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाइये।

Is it possible to have sustainable development in India? Cite major environmental issues and suggest a few measures to achieve the sustainability.

20 Marks Social Changes in India: Challenges of Social Transformation 250 words
20
(b)

What are the Indian government’s schemes launched for poverty alleviation after the United Nation’s Declaration of ‘Sustainable Development Goals – 2015’? Briefly describe

10 Marks Social Changes in India: Challenges of Social Transformation 150 words
10
(b)

क्या आप सोचते हैं कि मजदूरों का जबरन विस्थापन उनके वंचन का कारण है तथा उसके परिणामस्वरूप हाल ही के वर्षों से भारत में असमानता आई है? विस्तार से उत्तर दीजिए।

Do you think that forced displacement of labourers has caused their deprivation and resultant inequalities during the recent past years? Elaborate.

20 Marks Social Changes in India: Challenges of Social Transformation 250 words
20

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